Glossary
Agai – respectful address to elder male persons
Akhakal – lit. with a white beard, the elder of a tribe, an elderly respectable person
Alyp – very strong man, giant
Apai – polite form of address to not very young women
Argamak – wonderful horse
Arshin – old use Rus. measure of length = 28 inches
Athabas (athabalar) – the Bashkorts, indigenous population, who were granted special rights (votchina) to land ownership by tsarist government after joining Bashkortostan to Russia
Atabak – military leader of a high rank
Athan – Moslem morning prayer
Azhdaha – fabulous monstrous snake of the epic legends and fairy tales of the Middle and Central East Aul – village
Babai – old man
Bai – rich man
Baigambar – prophet
Barantach – robber
Barlasy – warriors
Barumta – cattle–stealing
Bathkak – tax–collector
Batyr – legendary hero of Bashkort people, a man of great strength and valour
Bishbarmak – Bashkort national dish, soup with meat, pasta, onions
Biy (bei) – tribal and military leader in ancient Bashkort and other Turkic people's communities
Bogatyr – hero in Russian folklore, a strong man
Boyar – Rus. dignitary, a rich landowner
Canton – old use administrative territorial subdivision in former Bashkortostan
Car – snow Dav (div) – monster
Dombra – pizzicato musical instrument
Gospodin – Rus. polite address to male persons
Habantui – feast, held after finishing field works in spring
Ishan – leader and tutor of a Moslem commu¬nity of Derwish and Sufi trends
Ishtak (Istyak, Ishtek) – earlier Kazakhs called Bashkorts so
Kalym – alms
Kamsa – lash
Karymta – blood feud
Khadji – Moslem who went on a pilgrimage to
Mecca and Medina Khan – the highest aristocratic rank in ancient Bashkort and other Turkic people's communities
Kibitka – transportable dwelling of nomadic people (Kirghizes, Kalmyks, etc.), made of trellis covered by thick felt mats
Kibla – the direction to where the black stone of prophet Mohammed's tomb is situated, i, e, the south
Knyaz – Rus. high aristocratic title, prince
Korot – sour milk
Kot – soul, vigour, well–being
Koubyz – stringed musical instrument
Koumiss – fermented liquor made from mare's milk
Kubair (kobayir) – poetic epic genre of Bashkort folklore, a praising song
Kulak – in tsarist Russia rich peasant landowner, in the USSR disfranchised peasant landowner
Kurai – national musical instrument resembling a reed–pipe or a flute
Kurash – Bashkort national wrestling contest
Kynyirak – ethnogr. a kind of leather boots, soft soled and canvas lopped
Maithan – place where festivities are held Muezzin – man who proclaims the hours of prayers from the minaret of a mosque
Mullah – Moslem learned in theology and sacred law
Myrtha (murza) – high aristocratic rank of Tatar, Bashkort peoples
Namath – Moslem essential pray performed five times a day
Nauruz – New Year holiday of Turkic peoples
Noyon – mighty feudal lord
Rayes – chairman
Sagaidak – arbalest, cross–bow
Sakman – coat
Sakrym – ~1 kilometre
Saryk – leather boot
Sasan – folk poet–improviser, creator
Shaitan – devil
Shakert – student of a Moslem religious school–madrasah
Shariat – Islamic law based on the Koran
Shazhara – books of records of family lives, chronicles
Shurale – spirit of woods which can tickle a man to death
Starosta – Rus. village elder
Sotnik – old use Rus. leader of a hundred of surbodinates, a rank of an officer in Cossack troops
Tamga – sign, token or symbol of a tribe (clan)
Tathtar – towel–like female head–dress
Tarkhan – rich landowner
Tsar – Rus. king of Russia; Bashk.Rus batshahy (padishah)
Tsarina — Rus. queen of Russia; Bashk. Aby batshahy
Tyuba – subdivision of a kin
Tulpar (tolpar)– a winged horse
Turhuk – sack made of leather for keeping and carrying koumiss
Ukaze – Rus, order issued by highest authorities of Russia (President or governmental and parliamentary bodies)
Uthaman – elder, patriarch, respectable man
Yasak (yahak) – tribute paid in natural products (furs, honey, etc.)
Yaylau (yailau) – pasture where summer houses were placed, families of semi–nomadic peoples lived there
Yeget – brave young man, skilful horseman
Yiyin – folk meeting, feast, holiday
Yurta (tirma) – cone–shaped dwelling of some nomadic peoples made of poles covered by doer skin or thick felt
Yoth–bashi – leader of a group of one hundred warriors
